Saturday, April 25, 2009

Avionics of F-22

The F-22's advanced integrated avionics suite is composed of hardware and software produced by F-22 team members Lockheed Martin, Boeing and other key suppliers, including Northrop Grumman and Raytheon who under a joint venture build the APG-77 radar.

The F-22's advanced integrated avionics suite allows the pilot to operate in battle conditions without the burden of managing individual sensors, thereby dramatically improving situational awareness and improving the performance of the pilot and aircraft. "Release of the Block 3.1 software is a significant enhancement to the war fighting capabilities already demonstrated by the Raptor," said Bob Rearden, Lockheed Martin F-22 vice president and general manager.

F-22 Raptor prime contractor Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Co. is principally responsible for the successful development and initial testing of the aircraft's advanced integrated avionics suite at both its Marietta, Ga., and Fort Worth, Texas, facilities. F-22 team partner Boeing is responsible for final integration, testing and software delivery for the F-22's advanced avionics.

"Block 3.1 supplies more than 90 percent of the total functionality planned for the F-22, and allows the flight-test program to accomplish its objectives," said Bob Barnes, Boeing vice president and F-22 program manager. "The team is very encouraged by the initial dynamic testing of Block 3.1 in our airborne and ground-based labs."

Prior to delivery, Boeing rigorously tested the software at the company's Avionics Integration Lab and on its 757 Flying Test Bed, both located in Seattle, Wash.

The avionics lab and flying test bed are helping reduce avionics risks and contain development costs by enabling extensive evaluation and troubleshooting before full avionics are installed on the F-22. To date, more than 98 percent of the avionics system anomalies have been found prior to delivery to the F-22 due to the team's extensive experience in large-scale integration, high-fidelity facilities, tools and processes. The team has been testing the Raptor's avionics packages at both the lab, since 1998, and on the flying test bed since March 1999.

History of Avionics

The term avionics was not in general use until the early 1970s. Up to this point instruments, radios, radar, fuel systems, engine controls and radio navigation aids had formed individual (and often mechanical) systems.

In the 1970s, avionics was born, driven by military need rather than civil airliner development. Military aircraft had become flying sensor platforms, and making large amounts of electronic equipment work together had become the new challenge. Today, avionics as used in military aircraft almost always forms the biggest part of any development budget. Aircraft like the F-15E and the now retired F-14 have roughly 80 percent of their budget spent on avionics. Most modern helicopters now have budget splits of 60/40 in favour of avionics. (F-22?)

The civilian market has also seen a growth in cost of avionics. Flight control systems (fly-by-wire) and new navigation needs brought on by tighter airspaces, have pushed up development costs. The major change has been the recent boom in consumer flying. As more people begin to use planes as their primary method of transportation, more elaborate methods of controlling aircraft safely in these high restrictive airspaces have been invented. With the continued refinement of precision miniature aerospace bearing, guidance and navigation systems of aircrafts have become more exact.